Which female reproductive disorder is characterized by abdominal pain and excessive menstrual bleeding?

• A. Endometriosis
• B. Ovarian cyst
• C. Uterine fibroids
• D. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer: (A)

Abdominal pain with heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding is most characteristic of uterine fibroids. These benign tumors of smooth muscle in the uterus can distort the uterine cavity and increase the area from which bleeding occurs, leading to heavier, longer periods and sometimes pelvic pressure or fullness. The pain often relates to menstrual cramps and the bulk symptoms of an enlarged uterus.

Endometriosis causes pelvic pain tied to menstrual cycles, but heavy bleeding isn’t its defining feature. Ovarian cysts can cause pelvic discomfort but don’t typically produce prolonged or excessive menses. Pelvic inflammatory disease presents with lower abdominal pain plus possible fever or discharge, not primarily heavy menses.