Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

• A. Pancreas
• B. Liver
• C. Kidney
• D. Spleen

Answer: (A)

Blood glucose levels are controlled by hormones produced by the pancreas. The pancreas contains the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin when blood sugar rises and glucagon when it falls. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by muscle and fat and suppresses glucose production by the liver, lowering blood sugar. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release stored glucose, raising blood sugar. While the liver plays a major role in storing and releasing glucose, its actions are directed by these pancreatic hormones, making the pancreas the primary regulator of blood sugar. If pancreatic function is impaired, glucose regulation falters, as seen in diabetes. The liver, kidney, and spleen contribute to related processes, but they don’t regulate blood sugar on their own.